- General
- LV wiring has been installed by a qualified electrician.
- Safe isolation is provided between ELV and LV circuits.
- Emergency services sketch in main LV switchboard.
- Protection has been provided for moving or high temperature parts.
- Over-current protection and isolation are rated for a.c. or d.c. at appropriate voltage and current levels.
- Multiple LV sources - shrouded plugs and extra signage.
- SHUTDOWN Procedure is prominently displayed in equipment area.
- All equipment is mounted close to, but outside battery enclosure.
- Access to equipment is restricted to authorised persons.
- Adequate ventilation is provided for all electrical equipment.
- All cables satisfy both voltage drop and current carrying capacity.
- All exposed cabling is provided with mechanical protection.
- Lightning protection has been provided.
- Any battery charger is permanently connected with over-current protection at the battery end of the charger cabling.
- Equipment is labelled, convenient, accessible and visible.
- There are no exposed live parts on any installed equipment.
- Solar panel (PV) arrays
- Orientation
- Blocking diodes are connected in series with each string.
- Bypass diodes are connected in parallel with modules / sub-modules.
- The PV mounting structure ( frame ) is wind rated for the site.
- The PV array is securely mounted.
- Roof penetrations are suitably sealed and waterproof.
- Wiring is protected from UV and mechanical damage.
- Modules have sufficient ventilation space to minimise temperature rise.
- Any timber used is suitable for external use and is properly sealed.
- No dissimilar metals are in contact with array frames or supports.
- PV wiring losses are less than 5% at the max. array output current.
- PV wiring is protected by appropriate circuit breakers or fuses.
- Metering is installed to monitor the current supplied from the array.
- Any freestanding PV structure is wind rated for the site.
- Wind generators
- Tower or mast is wind rated for the site.
- Mechanical protection is fitted to guy wires.
- Installation and maintenance documentation has been supplied.
- Footings have been installed by a ‘competent’ person.
- Installation has been supervised by a licenced rigger.
- Installation has been performed to the manufacturers instructions.
- Metering is installed to monitor the current supplied from the wind turbine.
- Wiring is protected from UV and mechanical damage.
- A ‘securing device’ is available for maintenance operations.
- The turbine is above any turbulence caused by nearby obstacles.
- Micro hydro generators
- Installation and maintenance documentation has been supplied.
- Installation has been performed to the manufacturers instructions.
- Metering is installed to monitor the current supplied from micro-Hydo.
- Wiring is protected from UV and mechanical damage.
- The turbine is protected from flooding and flood-borne debris.
- All piping is anchored at regular intervals and at elbows.
- Battery Bank - ELV nominal voltages not above 115V d.c.
- Main Battery over-current protection is installed in all un-earthed conductors.
- For multiple string battery banks - each string is separately protected.
- A means to readily isolate the battery bank is installed.
- The batteries are installed in a dedicated room, enclosure or restricted access area designed to prevent unauthorised entry.
- Adequate structural support for the batteries is provided.
- Any battery stands used are ‘fit for purpose.’
- Battery enclosure is designed to prevent the formation of ‘gas pockets.’
- Battery enclosure is vermin-proof.
- “ Warning : Spark Hazard … ” sign is mounted above batteries or located on enclosure.
- Battery voltage and short circuit fault current warning notice is fitted.
- Battery warning signs " DANGER - Risk of Battery Explosion … " and " Electrolyte Burns … " are clearly visible & permanently fixed.
- There are no arc producing devices in areas where hydrogen concentrations can become significant.
- Appropriately sized ventilation inlets and outlets are provided.
- An airflow alarm is provided where forced ventilation is used.
- Electrolyte containment is provided.
- Battery cells are NOT in contact with the floor of the enclosure / room.
- Battery interconnects and terminals are protected from accidental shorts.
- All crimp lugs have been fitted using an appropriate tool.
- Stainless steel bolts have been used and tightened to specification.
- Battery cables are protected from mechanical damage and effectively clamped and supported.
- Battery cable minimum bending radius is not less than specification.
- Personal protection equipment is available for safe battery handling.
- A fresh water supply is available for eyewash and rinsing any acid spills.
- Metering is installed to monitor the battery voltage.
- Gensets
- Access is restricted to authorised persons.
- Adequate access is provided for safe and effective operation.
- Safe exit is provided from genset area.
- Adequate ventilation, noise control, inlet and exhaust conditioning.
- In damp or exposed situations, are suitably protected.
- In hazardous areas, comply with additional regulatory requirements.
- All components are protected from mechanical damage.
- All moving parts are enclosed to prevent inadvertent contact.
- All hot ( >120°C ) parts are protected to prevent inadvertent contact.
- Over-speed shutdown is fitted - for output > 15kW.
- All live parts are enclosed, inaccessible or protected from inadvertent contact.
- Output isolation and over-current protection is fitted.
- Supply Change-over facilities.
- One source of supply is interrupted before connecting the other.
- Operates in all active conductors.
- Is rated at the max. out of phase voltage.
- Manual change -over device has an intermediate OFF position.
- Change-over device/s are accessible to Authorised persons only.
- Change-over terminals are labelled to indicate supply source.
- Earthing.
- The following parts of the genset are electrically bonded.
- The engine frame.
- The generator frame.
- All exposed metal enclosing electrical equipment or wiring.
- The ‘earth’ terminal of all socket-outlets.
- The main frame terminal - marked FRAME.
- Where a genset supplies an earthed fixed installation, the connection to earth is not via a separate earth electrode.
- Portable gensets are restrained from movement during operation.
- Auto-start systems.
- Warning notice is fitted and visible on approach.
- Engine manual override and isolation devices.
- Flexible cables or cords are protected from mechanical damage.
- Metering is installed to monitor the runtime of the genset.
- Genset is easily accessible for all maintenance operations.
- Fuel storage complies with standards and local regulations.
- All flammable fuels must not NOT be stored in the vicinity of high temperature surfaces, sparks or hot particles or where fuel leakage can come in contact with hot surfaces.
- Test and commissioning
- All wiring has been tested for continuity and short circuits.
- Polarity has been checked before connection of the battery bank.
- PV Array operation has been checked.
- Wind and micro-Hydro generator operation has been checked.
- Genset operation has been checked.
- Regulator and battery charger operation has been checked.
- A functional test of the completed power system has been performed.
- System documentation
A system manual has been provided that includes- List of equipment supplied - including model and serial numbers.
- System performance estimate, including.
- daily energy consumption estimate.
- design d.c. and a.c. load energy.
- load management strategies.
- maximum and surge power demand.
- estimated RE input showing expected seasonal variation.
- estimated generator runtime.
- RE resource data used with adjustments for site conditions.
- System voltage and ratings of major components.
- Operating instructions - system and component.
- Shutdown Procedure for emergency and maintenance.
- Maintenance Procedure and timetable.
- Commissioning records and Inspection checklist.
- Warranty information.
- Original energy usage estimate which was used for system design.
- System connection diagram.
- Equipment manufacturers documentation and handbooks.
- A Battery record logbook has been provided.
- A Genset service logbook has been provided.
- Battery Banks - nominal battery voltage above 115V d.c.
- Charging source over-current and over-voltage is prevented.
- Over-voltage alarm is fitted.
- Batteries are installed in either a battery room, lockable cubicle or restricted access area
- Ventilation is provided to maintain hydrogen concentration below 2% - refer to AS 2676 ( or AS 4086 ) for ventilation guidelines.
- Cells are readily accessible for maintenance or removal.
- Unobstructed access to the battery is provided.
- Electrical equipment inside battery room has no exposed live parts.
- Minimum clearances are provided.
- Mechanical protection, insulation and identification is provided.
- Lighting, switches and GPO’s are correctly positioned.
- Insulated flexible cables are used to connect to the battery terminals.
- Main Battery over-current protection and isolation is installed in all un-earthed conductors.
- Battery voltage and short circuit fault current warning notice is fitted.
- For un-earthed batteries – earth-leakage alarm is provided.
- Isolation is provided to sectionalise the battery to ELV levels.
- Fire safety and warning signs.
- Battery Banks - guide for battery installation in buildings
- Cells of unequal capacity are not connected in parallel.
- Battery cabling can withstand prospective fault current for at least 1 sec.
- Battery cables are effectively clamped and supported.
- Battery cable minimum bending radius is not less than specification.
- Busbars are insulated and do not restrict access to cells.
- All switchgear is suitably rated.
- Battery connections are resistant to corrosion.
- The battery can be fully isolated.
- The location is free from vibration.
- The occurrence of extreme ambient temperatures is minimised.
- Battery room
- Notices prohibiting unauthorised access are posted.
- Battery rooms or restricted areas provide access for installation, maintenance and emergency services.
- Floor loadings are appropriate for the installed equipment.
- Floors are non-slip and acid-resistant.
- Containment is provided for electrolyte spillage.
- Battery enclosure
- Constructed of acid-resistant materials with adequate structural strength.
- Clearance of 25mm is provided between the battery and the enclosure.
- Battery stands
- Load-bearing members support at least 33% of the cell base area.
- Stand sections are rigidly joined.
- Deflection of load-bearing members is no more than 3mm.
- Base area of cells does not project outside the stand.
- The battery installation height does not exceed 2 metres.
- For tall cells - horizontal restraining bars are installed.
- The stand is manufactured from, or is coated with, acid-resistant material.
- Lighting is not installed directly over cells or exposed live parts.
- Inter-cell connector shrouds are in place.
- Suitable Personal Protection Equipment, such as eye protection, appropriate lifting devices and insulated hand tools has been used during installation.
- Safety signage
- Restricted Access signs are mounted at all entry points - open flame / no smoking / authorised personnel only / LV equipment.
- Caution signs are mounted in prominent positions - battery warning with voltage and short circuit current.
- Emergency Information are mounted prominently in a room or on an enclosure.
- Fire extinguishers suitable for use on acid or alkaline solutions and electrical fires have been provided adjacent to the room / enclosure.
This is the blog of Ronald Bartels that wanders on and off the subject of problem management (that is how it started). Mostly now the topics are about IoT and SD-WAN.
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